“COLLECTIVE” HUMAN RIGHTS FOR PROTECTING MINORITIES?

Pod “kolektivnim” ljudskim pravima podrazumijevaju se ona prava čiji je nositelj kolektiv. Pri tome treba razlikovati individualna prava koja se mogu prakticirati samo kolektivno (biračko pravo). Zahtjevi za “kolektivnim” ljudskim pravima dovode do pojmovne zablude i teškoća u obrazlaganju, jer se univerzalni, egalitarni i kategorički postulat ljudskih prava ne može jednako utemeljiti za kolektive i individuume. Stoga se zaštita interesa manjina može osigurati jedino poštivanjem ograničeno shvaćenih individualnih ljudskih interesa, za što je nužno proširenje i veća važnost socijalnih ljudskih prava. U pojedinim su slučajevima smislena kolektivna prava radi zaštite ugroženih manjina, ali obrazložena u duhu izjednačujuće pravednosti. No takva kolektivna prava nisu moguća na razini ljudskih prava, nego su unutardržavna prava. Ona su stoga ograničena time da ne krše individualna ljudska prava.By “collective” human rights we understand the ones that belong to a collective. We should distinguish the individual rights which can be exercised only collectively (suffrage). The demands for “collective” human rights lead to misconceptions and explanatory problems since the universal, egalitarian, and categorical postulate of human rights cannot be equally valid for collectives and individuals. Thus, the protection of minorities’ interests can be solely procured by adopting a restricted definition of individual human rights which necessitates more and better respected social human rights. In some cases, collective rights were designed to protect endangered minorities but were justified by means of equalizing fairness. However, such collective rights are not possible at the level of human rights; they are regulated by special by-laws at the state level. Thus, they are restricted by the requirement that they do not violate individual human rights